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Hardware 2. The Ed Bott Report 1, articles. Big on Data 1, articles. Robotics 1, articles. NET is compiled common language runtime code running on the server. Unlike its interpreted predecessors, ASP. NET can take advantage of early binding, just-in-time compilation, native optimization, and caching services right out of the box.
This amounts to dramatically better performance before you ever write a line of code. NET framework is complemented by a rich toolbox and designer in the Visual Studio integrated development environment. NET is based on the common language runtime, the power and flexibility of that entire platform is available to Web application developers.
NET is also language-independent, so you can choose the language that best applies to your application or partition your application across many languages. Further, common language runtime interoperability guarantees that your existing investment in COM-based development is preserved when migrating to ASP. NET makes it easy to perform common tasks, from simple form submission and client authentication to deployment and site configuration.
For example, the ASP. NET page framework allows you to build user interfaces that cleanly separate application logic from presentation code and to handle events in a simple, Visual Basic - like forms processing model. Additionally, the common language runtime simplifies development, with managed code services such as automatic reference counting and garbage collection.
NET employs a text-based, hierarchical configuration system, which simplifies applying settings to your server environment and Web applications. Because configuration information is stored as plain text, new settings may be applied without the aid of local administration tools.
This "zero local administration" philosophy extends to deploying ASP. NET Framework applications as well. NET Framework application is deployed to a server simply by copying the necessary files to the server. No server restart is required, even to deploy or replace running compiled code.
NET has been designed with scalability in mind, with features specifically tailored to improve performance in clustered and multiprocessor environments. Further, processes are closely monitored and managed by the ASP. NET runtime, so that if one misbehaves leaks, deadlocks , a new process can be created in its place, which helps keep your application constantly available to handle requests.
NET delivers a well-factored architecture that allows developers to "plug-in" their code at the appropriate level. In fact, it is possible to extend or replace any subcomponent of the ASP. NET runtime with your own custom-written component. Implementing custom authentication or state services has never been easier.
Language Support The Microsoft. What is ASP. NET Web Forms? The ASP. NET Web Forms page framework is a scalable common language runtime programming model that can be used on the server to dynamically generate Web pages.
NET Web Forms framework has been specifically designed to address a number of key deficiencies in the previous model. NET Web Forms pages are text files with an.
They can be deployed throughout an IIS virtual root directory tree. When a browser client requests. NET runtime parses and compiles the target file into a. NET Framework class. This class can then be used to dynamically process incoming requests. Note that the. An ASP. For example, the following sample demonstrates a simple HTML page that collects a user's name and category preference and then performs a form post back to the originating page when a button is clicked: ASP.
These code blocks execute in a top-down manner at page render time. NET supports two methods of authoring dynamic pages. The first is the method shown in the preceding samples, where the page code is physically declared within the originating. An alternative approach--known as the code-behind method--enables the page code to be more cleanly separated from the HTML content into an entirely separate file.
Introduction to ASP. NET server controls to program Web pages. Server controls are declared within an. HtmlControls namespace. Any tag that doesn't explicitly map to one of the controls is assigned the type of System. Server controls automatically maintain any client-entered values between round trips to the server. Note also that no client-side script is required. NET enables developers to utilize richer custom controls on their pages. NET Web Forms pages can target any browser client there are no script library or cookie requirements.
NET server controls provide an easy way to encapsulate common functionality. NET ships with 45 built-in server controls. Developers can also use controls built by third parties. NET templates provide an easy way to customize the look and feel of list server controls. NET validation controls provide an easy way to do declarative client or server data validation. NET is the standard reporting tool for Visual Basic. NET; it brings the ability to create interactive, presentation-quality content — which has been the strength of Crystal Reports for years — to the.
NET platform. With Crystal Reports for Visual Basic. To present data to users, you could write code to loop through record sets and print them inside your Windows or Web application. However, any work beyond basic formatting can be complicated: consolidations, multiple level totals, charting, and conditional formatting are difficult to program. With Crystal Reports for Visual Studio. NET, you can quickly create complex and professional-looking reports.
Instead of coding, you use the Crystal Report Designer interface to create and format the report you need. The powerful Report Engine processes the formatting, grouping, and charting criteria you specify.
Report Experts Using the Crystal Report Experts, you can quickly create reports based on your development needs: Choose from report layout options ranging from standard reports to form letters, or build your own report from scratch. Each of these terms describes a fundamental part of the architecture of SQL Server. Database A database is similar to a data file in that it is a storage place for data.
Like a data file, a database does not present information directly to a user; the user runs an application that accesses data from the database and presents it to the user in an understandable format.
A database typically has two components: the files holding the physical database and the database management system DBMS software that applications use to access data. Relational Database There are different ways to organize data in a database but relational databases are one of the most effective. Relational database systems are an application of mathematical set theory to the problem of effectively organizing data.
In a relational database, data is collected into tables called relations in relational theory. When organizing data into tables, you can usually find many different ways to define tables. Relational database theory defines a process, normalization, which ensures that the set of tables you define will organize your data effectively. When individuals need to use the resource, they connect over the network from their computers, or clients, to the server.
A communications component is provided so applications can run on separate clients and communicate to the database server over a network. Server applications are usually capable of working with several clients at the same time. SQL Server can work with thousands of client applications simultaneously. The server has features to prevent the logical problems that occur if a user tries to read or modify data currently being used by others.
There are several different languages that can be used with relational databases; the most common is SQL. SQL Server also includes tools for visually designing databases and analyzing data using English-based questions. Databases A database in Microsoft SQL Server consists of a collection of tables that contain data, and other objects, such as views, indexes, stored procedures, and triggers, defined to support activities performed with the data.
The data stored in a database is usually related to a particular subject or process, such as inventory information for a manufacturing warehouse. SQL Server can support many databases, and each database can store either interrelated data or data unrelated to that in the other databases. For example, a server can have one database that stores personnel data and another that stores product- related data. Alternatively, one database can store current customer order data, and another; related database can store historical customer orders that are used for yearly reporting.
Before you create a database, it is important to understand the parts of a database and how to design these parts to ensure that the database performs well after it is implemented. Normalization theory: Relations are to be normalized to avoid anomalies.
In insert, update and delete operations. Normalization theory is built around the concept of normal forms. A relation is said to be in a particular form if it satisfies a certain specified set if constraints. To decide a suitable logical structure for given database design the concept of normalization, which are briefly described below. F : A relation is said to be in 1 NF is and only if all unaligned domains contain values only. That is the fields of an n-set should have no group items and no repeating groups.
F : A relation is said to be in 2 NF is and only if it is in 1 NF and every non key attribute is fully dependent on primary key. This normal takes care of functional dependencies on non-key attributes. F : A relation is said to be in 3 NF is and only if it is in 2 NF and every non key attribute is non transitively dependent on the primary key. This normal form avoids the transitive dependencies on the primary key.
This is called Join Dependency. Net Overview ADO. NET is an evolution of the ADO data access model that directly addresses user requirements for developing scalable applications. It was designed specifically for the web with scalability, statelessness, and XML in mind. Key new ADO. The important distinction between this evolved stage of ADO.
NET and previous data architectures is that there exists an object -- the Dataset -- that is separate and distinct from any data stores. Because of that, the Dataset functions as a standalone entity. Inside a Dataset, much like in a database, there are tables, columns, relationships, constraints, views, and so forth.
A Data Adapter is the object that connects to the database to fill the Dataset. Then, it connects back to the database to update the data there, based on operations performed while the Dataset held the data. In the past, data processing has been primarily connection-based. Now, in an effort to make multi-tiered apps more efficient, data processing is turning to a message-based approach that revolves around chunks of information. At the center of this approach is the Data Adapter, which provides a bridge to retrieve and save data between a Dataset and its source data store.
It accomplishes this by means of requests to the appropriate SQL commands made against the data store. The XML-based Dataset object provides a consistent programming model that works with all models of data storage: flat, relational, and hierarchical. It does this by having no 'knowledge' of the source of its data, and by representing the data that it holds as collections and data types. No matter what the source of the data within the Dataset is, it is manipulated through the same set of standard APIs exposed through the Dataset and its subordinate objects.
While the Dataset has no knowledge of the source of its data, the managed provider has detailed and specific information. The role of the managed provider is to connect, fill, and persist the Dataset to and from data stores. OleDb and System. SqlClient that are part of the. NET Data Providers explaining what they are, and how to program against them. The following sections will introduce you to some objects that have evolved, and some that are new.
For connection to and managing transactions against a database. For issuing SQL commands against a database. For reading a forward-only stream of data records from a SQL Server data source. For storing, removing and programming against flat data, XML data and relational data. For pushing data into a Dataset, and reconciling data against a database. When dealing with connections to a database, there are two different options: SQL Server. In these samples we will use the SQL Server.
NET Data Provider. Connections Connections are used to 'talk to' databases, and are represented by provider- specific classes such as SQLConnection. Commands travel over connections and result sets are returned in the form of streams which can be read by a Data Reader object, or pushed into a Dataset object. Commands Commands contain the information that is submitted to a database, and are represented by provider-specific classes such as SQLCommand.
You can also use input and output parameters, and return values as part of your command syntax. A Data Reader object is returned after executing a command against a database. The format of the returned Data Reader object is different from a record set. For example, you might use the Data Reader to show the results of a search list in a web page. Datasets The Dataset object is similar to the ADO Record set object, but more powerful, and with one other important distinction: the Dataset is always disconnected.
The Dataset object represents a cache of data, with database-like structures such as tables, columns, relationships, and constraints. However, though a Dataset can and does behave much like a database, it is important to remember that Dataset objects do not interact directly with databases, or other source data. This allows the developer to work with a programming model that is always consistent, regardless of where the source data resides.
Data coming from a database, an XML file, from code, or user input can all be placed into Dataset objects. Then, as changes are made to the Dataset they can be tracked and verified before updating the source data.
The Get Changes method of the Dataset object actually creates a second Dataset that contains only the changes to the data. This Dataset is then used by a Data Adapter or other objects to update the original data source.
XML schemas can be used to describe schemas interchanged via Web Services. In fact, a Dataset with a schema can actually be compiled for type safety and statement completion. The Data Adapter object uses commands to update the data source after changes have been made to the Dataset.
You can explicitly set these commands in order to control the statements used at runtime to resolve changes, including the use of stored procedures. For ad-hoc scenarios, a Command Builder object can generate these at run-time based upon a select statement. Net Framework. Two new objects, the Dataset and Data Adapter, are provided for these scenarios.
NET can be used to get data from a stream, or to store data in a cache for updates. There is a lot more information about ADO. NET in the documentation. Remember, you can execute a command directly against the database in order to do inserts, updates, and deletes. You don't need to first put data into a Dataset in order to insert, update, or delete it.
Functions are called by user-initiated events.
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